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Cancer

Tiny Cell Filaments may play key role in some cancers
Science Daily

Pichia

Pichia is methylotrophic, used to express heterologous proteins

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral disease caused by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)which attacks liver cells resulting in inflamation. Acute illness leads to jaundice and even to death. Chronic symptoms leads to Cirrhosis and liver cancer. The Virus comes under hepadnae virus group.It is a DNA virus and it has DNA as genome patially double stranded DNA.

Structure of HBV

Source : Google Images

The HBV transmits through blood and body fluids containing blood..
1. Unprotected Sexual Contact
2. Blood Transfusion
3. Re-use of contaminated needles, etc

Hepatitis B can be prevented by Vaccination Recombinant vaccine has been developed for Surface Antigen (HBSAg)- Hepatitis B Surface Antigen.The vaccine released in the name Engerix / Recombivax

Cancer: Tumor and its genes, Causes, Treatment

Tumor is an abnormal mass of cells, which can be of Begnin type or Malignant Type.
Begnin Tumors are Loacalised to particular site while Malignant tumors can metastasize(Can Spread to different parts of the body).
Tumor is classified based on the site it occurs..

Lymphoma
Retinoblastoma

, etc

The genes responsible of tumor development are called as Oncogenes.The gene responsible for Breast cancer are BRCA I & II, for Retinoblastoma Rb, There are many factors involved in the Tumor development.

Tumor Cells

Image Souce: Google Images

There are Certain Factors which can pre-dispose to cancer some of them are

1. Tobacco Smoking, use of Gutkas,etc..
2. Increased alcohol Consumption can lead to cancer
3. Exposure to X-rays
4. Cosumtion of more animal fat

Treatment:

It depends on the size, stage and location of the Tumor

1. Chemotherapy : Chemical agents are used
Examples
Alkylating agents
Anticancer Antibiotics
Antimetabolites
Plant Alkaloids

2. Radiation Therapy: Radiation
3. Surgery
or combination of these

Fact
75% of the Anticancer drugs are sourced from Plants
Taxol - Taxus burgata
Vincristine and Vinblastin - VInca rosea
Campotecin

HIV / AIDS

Indian Institute of Science Entrance Exam 2009

Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is conducting Entrance Examination for Research Programmes..
Applications can be submitted Online.

For More Details Visit
http://www.iisc.ernet.in/

Clinical Research As a Career

Intellectual Property Rights [IPR] as Career

Plant Growth Regulators In Agriculture

Plant Growth Regulators:
Plant hormones (also known as plant growth regulators (PGRs) and phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate a plant's growth. Plant hormones on the other hand, are not like animal hormones, they are often not transported to other parts of the plant and production is not limited to specific locations. Plants lack tissues or organs specifically for the production of hormones; unlike animals, plants lack glands that produce and secrete hormones to be moved around the body. Plant hormones shape the plant, effecting seed growth, time of flowering, the sex of flowers, its longevity, senescence of leaves and fruits, they affect which tissues grow up and which grow downward, leaf formation and stem growth, fruit development and ripening, and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth and lacking them plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated cells.

Hormones:
In plants, many behavioral patterns and functions are controlled by hormones. These are “chemical messengers” influencing many patterns of plant development.
¡ Plant hormones – a natural substance (produced by plant) that acts to control plant activities. Chemical messengers.
¡ Growth Regulators
¡ Plant growth regulators – include plant hormones (natural & synthetic), but also include non-nutrient chemicals not found naturally in plants that when applied to plants, influence their growth and development.
¡ 5 recognized groups of natural plant hormones and growth regulators.
1. Auxins
2. Gibberellins
3. Cytokinins
4. Ethylene
5. Abscisic acid

Cortesy: Amit Bhaskar